PHP8 - Laravel 12

Appearance

Admin: Managing Records ​

This chapter guides you through creating a administrative interface for managing your vinyl shop's records. While we previously touched upon a basic record listing in the "Eloquent Models" section, that was primarily to demonstrate database interactions. Here, we'll build a fully functional CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) system for records, leveraging the power and elegance of Livewire 3 and its integrated form objects.

Livewire Form objects are a significant enhancement for handling complex forms, offering a structured way to manage form state, validation, and submission logic separately from your main Livewire component. This approach keeps your components lean and focused on application flow, while abstracting form-specific concerns into dedicated, reusable classes.

REMARK

Remember that you can always reset the database to its initial state by running the command:

bash
php artisan migrate:fresh --seed

Preparation ​

Before diving into the CRUD logic, we need to set up the basic structure for our record management page. This involves creating the Livewire component, defining a route to access it, linking it from the admin navigation, and scaffolding the initial view.

Create the Records Component ​

We'll encapsulate the record management logic and presentation within a dedicated Livewire component. To keep our admin features organized, we'll place this component within an Admin subdirectory.

  • Open your terminal in the project directory.
  • Execute the following Artisan command to generate a new Livewire component named Admin/Records:
bash
php artisan livewire:make Admin/Records

This command conveniently creates two essential files for us:

  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php: The component's PHP class, acting as the controller for our admin page. It starts with a render() method responsible for returning the view.
  • resources/views/livewire/admin/records.blade.php: The component's Blade view file, where we'll define the HTML structure for displaying and interacting with records.

About the Route ​

TIP

In a previous chapter, we defined a named route admin.records in our routes/web.php file. Now that we've created a dedicated Admin\Records Livewire component, we simply need to update the route definition to point to this new component Record:
Route::get('records', Records::class)->name('admin.records')

Because our navigation bar already uses route('admin.records'), we don't need to make any changes there. This is a perfect example of why named routes are so powerful: they decouple our application's URLs from the code that generates them, making our code much easier to maintain.

Basic Scaffolding for the View ​

With the component and route ready, let's set up the initial structure for the records.blade.php view. We'll define the page title and description using named slots, add filtering controls, a "New Record" button, and set up the basic table structure where records will be listed. We'll also define the initial public properties in the Records component class that will be bound to these view elements.

  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Add public properties to control filtering ($filter, $noStock, $noCover) and pagination ($perPage). Initialize them with default values.
  • resources/views/livewire/admin/records.blade.php:
    • Add <x-slot> directives for the title and description.
    • Use a container (@container) and a grid layout to arrange filter inputs and buttons.
    • Include a <flux:input> for text filtering, bound to $filter with live debounce for performance.
    • Add two <flux:switch> components for toggling "No stock" and "No cover" filters, bound to $noStock and $noCover respectively with live updates.
    • Include a <flux:button> for "New Record".
    • Use the custom <x-itf.table> component to define the table structure with placeholder headers for ID, Cover, Price, Stock, and cel for a select menu.
    • Include a <flux:select> within a table header for "Records per page", bound to $perPage.
    • Add a placeholder table row (<tr>) to visualize the structure and a flux:button.group for actions Edit, Cover, Delete.
      (The cover button will be implemented later in this course, so for now, it can be a placeholder.)
    • Include the <x-itf.livewire-log/> component at the end for debugging.
php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire\Admin;

use Livewire\Component;

class Records extends Component
{
    // filter and pagination
    public $filter;
    public $noStock = false;
    public $noCover = false;
    public $perPage = 5;

    public function render()
    {
        return view('livewire.admin.records');
    }
}

Read All Records ​

The first step in managing records is displaying the existing ones. We'll modify our Livewire component to fetch record data from the database, apply pagination, and pass it to the view, which will then render it in the table. We'll also start integrating our filtering capabilities.

Show All Records in the Table ​

We'll query the Record model in the render() method, apply default sorting, and paginate the results before passing them to the Blade view. The view will then loop through this data to build the table rows, displaying information like cover, price, stock, artist, title, and genre.

  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Import the App\Models\Record and Livewire\WithPagination classes.
    • Include the WithPagination trait within the class definition.
    • In the render() method, query the Record model, order by artist and then title.
    • Use ->paginate($this->perPage) to fetch paginated results based on the $perPage property.
    • Pass the fetched $records collection to the view using compact('records').
  • resources/views/livewire/admin/records.blade.php:
    • Add $records->links() before the table to display pagination navigation.
    • Inside the <tbody> tag, add Blade @forelse($records as $record) loop around the <tr> elements. The @forelse directive is useful here as it allows an @empty block to be rendered if the $records collection is empty.
    • Add the wire:key="{{ $record->id }}" directive to the <tr> element inside the loop. This is crucial for Livewire's DOM diffing and updating mechanism, ensuring efficient updates when the data changes.
    • Populate the table cells (<td>) with dynamic data from the $record object: $record->id, $record->cover, $record->price (formatted with Number::currency), $record->stock, $record->artist, $record->title, and $record->genre_name.
    • Pass the $records collection to the debugging component: <x-itf.livewire-log :records="$records" />.
    • Add a conditional @if($perPage >= 10) for the bottom pagination links to only show them if there are enough records per page to warrant it (e.g., to avoid duplicate pagination if all records fit on one page).
php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire\Admin;

use App\Models\Record;      
use Livewire\Component;
use Livewire\WithPagination;    

class Records extends Component
{
    use WithPagination; 

    // filter and pagination
    public $filter;
    public $noStock = false;
    public $noCover = false;
    public $perPage = 5;

    public function render()
    {
        $records = Record::orderBy('artist')        
            ->orderBy('title');
        $records = $records->paginate($this->perPage);
        return view('livewire.admin.records', compact('records'));  
    }
}

$records query in two steps?

In the next steps, we need some conditional logic (if-statements) before we can paginate the $records query. That's why we need to split the query into multiple steps: first, we filter the records, then comes the if-statements, and finally we paginate the results.

Filter by Artist or Title ​

We'll integrate the text filter ($this->filter) into our Eloquent query. As discussed in the "Shop: Master Section" chapter, it's best practice to encapsulate such reusable filter logic in a Query Scope within the model itself. This keeps our Livewire component's render() method clean and readable.

The searchTitleOrArtist scope, which checks both title and artist fields for the provided search term, is already defined in our App\Models\Record model from the Shop: Filter chapter. We simply need to apply it here.

  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Inside the render() method, chain the searchTitleOrArtist($this->filter) scope onto the Record query builder. This will dynamically filter the records as the user types into the search input.
php
public function render()
{
    // filter by artist or title
    $records = Record::orderBy('artist')
        ->orderBy('title')       
        ->searchTitleOrArtist($this->filter);       
    // paginate the $records
    $records = $records->paginate($this->perPage);
    return view('livewire.admin.records', compact('records'));
}

Filter by Records That Are Out of Stock ​

Adding a filter for records that are out of stock is straightforward. We simply add a where clause to our query, conditional on the $noStock public property being true.

  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Inside the render() method, after applying the searchTitleOrArtist scope, add an if ($this->noStock) condition.
      • If true, chain a ->where('stock', false) clause (or ->where('stock', 0)) to the query builder.
      • If false, the query will not filter out any records based on stock status.
php
public function render()
{
    // Filter by artist or title
    $records = Record::orderBy('artist')
        ->orderBy('title')
        ->searchTitleOrArtist($this->filter);
    // Filter by records that are out of stock
    if ($this->noStock) {
        $records = $records->where('stock', false);
    }
    // Paginate the records
    $records = $records->paginate($this->perPage);
    return view('livewire.admin.records', compact('records'));
}

Filter by Records with No Cover ​

Filtering by records with no cover presents a unique challenge: the cover attribute is a "generated" accessor on the Record model, meaning it's computed after the records are fetched from the database, not a direct database column. Therefore, we cannot use a simple where clause on the cover column. Instead, we need a custom query scope that checks the existence of the cover image file on the storage disk.

We'll define a scopeCoverExists method in the Record model that inspects the filesystem.

  • app/Models/Record.php:
    • Add the scopeCoverExists method. This method takes a boolean $exists argument.
    • It uses Storage::disk('public')->exists('covers/' . $mb_id . '.jpg') to check if the cover image file exists for each record's mb_id.
    • It collects the mb_ids that either have a cover or don't have a cover, and then uses whereIn or whereNotIn to filter the records based on these mb_ids.
php
<?php

namespace App\Models;

use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Factories\HasFactory;
use Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage; // Make sure to import Storage facade

class Record extends Model
{
    use HasFactory;

    // Other model properties and methods...

    public function scopeSearchTitleOrArtist($query, $search = '') { /* ... */ }

    public function scopeCoverExists($query, $exists = true)        
    {
        // Get all record IDs that have covers based on file existence
        $mb_ids_with_covers = $query->pluck('mb_id')->filter(function ($mb_id) {
            return Storage::disk('public')->exists('covers/' . $mb_id . '.jpg');
        })->values()->all();

        // If $exists is true, we want records WITH covers (where mb_id is in $mb_ids_with_covers)
        // If $exists is false, we want records WITHOUT covers (where mb_id is NOT in $mb_ids_with_covers)
        $method = $exists ? 'whereIn' : 'whereNotIn';

        return $query->$method('mb_id', $mb_ids_with_covers);
    }
}

REMARK

After adding a new scope to your model, it's highly recommended to run the menu Laravel > Generate Helper Code to update your IDE's auto-completion and type-hinting capabilities.

  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Inside the render() method, after the noStock filter, add an if ($this->noCover) condition.
      • If true, chain ->coverExists(false) to the query builder to filter for records that do not have a cover image file.
      • If false, the query will not filter out any records based on cover existence.
php
public function render()
{
    // Filter by artist or title
    $records = Record::orderBy('artist')
        ->orderBy('title')
        ->searchTitleOrArtist($this->filter);
    // Filter by records that are out of stock
    if ($this->noStock) {
        $records = $records->where('stock', false);
    }
    // Filter by records that have no cover
    if ($this->noCover) {
        $records = $records->coverExists(false);
    }
    // Paginate the records
    $records = $records->paginate($this->perPage);
    return view('livewire.admin.records', compact('records'));
}

Reset Pagination After Filter ​

When users interact with filters or change the number of items per page, it's a good practice to reset the pagination back to the first page. This prevents the user from being left on an empty page if the filtering significantly reduces the result set. Livewire's updated() lifecycle hook is perfect for this, as it fires whenever a public property bound via wire:model changes.
(We also discussed this in the Shop: Filter Section chapter.)

  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
  • Add the public function updated($propertyName, $propertyValue) method to the Records component class.
  • Inside this method, check if the $propertyName is one of the properties that should trigger a pagination reset ( filter, noCover, noStock, perPage).
  • If it is, call $this->resetPage(), Livewire's built-in method to reset the paginator.
php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire\Admin;

use App\Models\Record;
use Livewire\Component;
use Livewire\WithPagination;

class Records extends Component
{
    use WithPagination;

    // filter and pagination
    public $filter;
    public $noStock = false;
    public $noCover = false;
    public $perPage = 5;

    // reset the paginator
    public function updated($propertyName, $propertyValue)
    {
        // reset if the $search, $noCover, $noStock or $perPage property has changed (updated)
        if (in_array($propertyName, ['filter', 'noCover', 'noStock', 'perPage']))
            $this->resetPage();
    }

    public function render() { /* ... */ }
}

Introduction to Livewire Form Objects ​

In previous chapters, we managed form input elements directly as public properties within the Livewire component class itself. While this approach is perfectly adequate for simpler forms, it can lead to cluttered component classes as forms grow in complexity, with numerous properties and validation rules.

For more sophisticated forms, Livewire 3 introduces a powerful feature: Livewire Form objects . A Livewire Form object is a dedicated class designed to encapsulate all logic related to a specific form, including:

  • Public properties: These represent the form's input elements, much like regular Livewire component properties.
  • Validation rules: Each property can have its validation rules defined directly within the form object, either using Livewire's #[Validate] attributes or a rules() method.
  • Submission methods: Methods like create() or update() can be defined within the form object to handle the logic of persisting data, often including calling $this->validate(). (Read and delete operations typically don't require validation and are usually handled directly by the main component).
  • Notifications: Form objects can dispatch events from our NotificationsTrait to send feedback, such as toast messages, to the user.

Why Use a Form Object? ​

The primary advantage of a Form object is improved code organization and reusability. It helps keep your main component class clean and focused on managing the overall page state and user interactions, while all form-specific concerns are neatly grouped in a separate, testable class. This separation of concerns leads to more maintainable and scalable applications.

It's important to note that a Form object is not a full-blown Livewire component. It doesn't have its own view file, nor does it possess lifecycle methods like render() or mount(). It serves as a specialized helper class that is instantiated and managed by a Livewire component.

Create a New Form Object ​

Let's create a dedicated Form object for our record management.

  • Create a form object class for the records with the Artisan command php artisan livewire:form RecordForm.
  • This will create a new class file app/Livewire/Forms/RecordForm.php.
  • Open the file and replace its content with the following code. This RecordForm class defines the properties that will correspond to our record input fields, their validation rules, and methods for creating and updating records.
php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire\Forms;

use App\Models\Record;  
use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
use Livewire\Form;

class RecordForm extends Form
{
    public $id = null;      
    #[Validate('required', as: 'name of the artist')]
    public $artist = null;
    #[Validate('required', as: 'title for this record')]
    public $title = null;
    #[Validate('required|size:36|unique:records,mb_id,id', as: 'MusicBrainz ID')] // Unique validation will be handled dynamically later
    public $mb_id = null;
    #[Validate('required|numeric|min:0')]
    public $stock = null;
    #[Validate('required|numeric|min:0')]
    public $price = null;
    #[Validate('required|exists:genres,id', as: 'genre')]
    public $genre_id = null;
    public $cover = '/storage/covers/no-cover.png';

    // create a new record
    public function create()
    {
        $this->validate();
        Record::create([
            'artist' => $this->artist,
            'title' => $this->title,
            'mb_id' => $this->mb_id,
            'stock' => $this->stock,
            'price' => $this->price,
            'genre_id' => $this->genre_id,
        ]);
    }

    // update the selected record
    public function update() {
        $record = Record::findOrFail($this->id);
        $this->validate();
        $record->update([
            'stock' => $this->stock,
            'price' => $this->price,
            'genre_id' => $this->genre_id,
        ]);
    }
}

The code in this Form object defines the structure of our record data and the basic create and update logic.

  • Properties: Each public property ($id, $artist, $title, etc.) will hold the data from the form inputs.
  • #[Validate] Attributes: These attributes define the validation rules for each property. For instance:
  • $artist and $title are required.
  • $mb_id is required and must be exactly 36 characters long and must be unique.
  • $stock and $price are required, numeric, and must be at least 0.
  • $genre_id is required and must correspond to an id that exists in the genres table.
  • create() method: This method performs validation on all properties (implicitly defined by #[Validate]) and then creates a new Record entry in the database.
  • update() method: This method finds the record by $this->id, performs validation, and then updates the stock, price, and genre_id fields. The artist, title, and mb_id fields are typically not updated through this form as they come from MusicBrainz and uniquely identify the record.

Use the Form Object in the Component Class ​

With the RecordForm object created, we can now integrate it into our Records Livewire component. This allows the component to access and manage the form's state and logic.

  • Add the following code to the component class app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Import the App\Livewire\Forms\RecordForm class.
    • Declare a public property public RecordForm $form;. Livewire will automatically instantiate this form object for you.
php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire\Admin;

use App\Livewire\Forms\RecordForm;      
use App\Models\Record;
use Livewire\Component;
use Livewire\WithPagination;

class Records extends Component
{
    use WithPagination;

    // filter and pagination
    public $filter;
    public $noStock = false;
    public $noCover = false;
    public $perPage = 5;
    public RecordForm $form;        
    
    public function updated($propertyName, $propertyValue) { /* ... */ }

    public function render() { /* ... */ }
}

How To Use The Form Object ​

Once you declare public RecordForm $form; in your Livewire component, the public property $form becomes an instance of RecordForm, granting you access to all its properties and methods.

  • In the Blade View:
    • To display a form property's value, use $form->propertyName, e.g., <input value="{{ $form->title }}">.
    • To bind an input element to a form property for two-way data binding, use wire:model="form.propertyName", e.g., <flux:input wire:model="form.title" />.
    • To show validation error messages for a form property, use @error('form.propertyName'), e.g., @error('form.title') <span class="text-red-500">{{ $message }}</span> @enderror.
      (FluxUI components automatically display errors by default, so you might not need explicit @error blocks for them).
  • In the Livewire Component Class:
    • To access a form property, use $this->form->propertyName, e.g., $this->form->artist.
    • To call a method defined in the form object, use $this->form->methodName(), e.g., $this->form->create().

Create a New Record ​

Creating a new record involves several steps: retrieving unique record identifiers from MusicBrainz, fetching associated data, handling cover images, and finally, presenting a form for users to input price, stock, and genre before saving.

Find the MusicBrainz ID (mb_id) of the Record ​

Every record in our database is linked to a unique MusicBrainz ID (mb_id). This ID is crucial for consistently identifying records and fetching their canonical information (artist, title, cover art) from the MusicBrainz database. Before adding a new record, you'll need to find its mb_id.

  • Go to the MusicBrainz website.
  • Use the search bar in the top right corner to look for an artist (e.g., The Doors).
  • Click on the artist name in the search results. Search artist
  • Now, navigate to one of their albums (e.g., L.A. Woman).
  • You'll see a list of releases for that album. It's important to select a release that corresponds to a vinyl format, as our shop primarily deals with vinyl.
  • Once on the specific release page, the mb_id is the unique code at the end of the URL. For example, for "The Doors - L.A. Woman", it might be e68f23df-61e3-4264-bfc3-17ac3a6f856b. This is the value you'll enter into our form. MusicBrainz ID example

Get the Data from MusicBrainz API ​

With the mb_id, we can use the MusicBrainz API and the Cover Art Archive API to programmatically fetch key details of the record.

We need:

  • title of the record.
  • artist name.
  • cover image (if available).

These fields are typically read-only in our admin interface because they represent canonical data. We also need to input:

  • price for the record.
  • stock quantity.
  • genre this record belongs to.

These fields are editable and managed by our application, unrelated to the MusicBrainz API.

Below are examples of how to access the required data from the JSON responses when querying the MusicBrainz API for a release using the inc=artists&fmt=json parameters (to include artist information and get JSON output).

Add a Modal ​

We'll implement a modal form for creating new records. This modal will include:

  • An input for the MusicBrainz ID (mb_id). This field will only be visible when creating a new record.
  • Hidden inputs for title and artist (their values come from MusicBrainz API).
  • A select input for genre, populated with all available genres.
  • Number inputs for price and stock.
  • A preview of the cover image.

Now, let's create and populate the modal.

  • app/Livewire/Forms/RecordForm.php:
    • Import Http, Storage, and Intervention\Image\Laravel\Facades\Image facades.
    • Add a fetchRecord() method to handle the API call to MusicBrainz, parse the JSON response, populate $artist, $title, and call a helper to fetch the cover if available.
    • Add a private fetchAndStoreCover($mbId) method to download the cover image from Cover Art Archive and save it to public/storage/covers. This method uses the Intervention/Image library to process the image (e.g., convert to JPEG and apply quality).
  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Import App\Models\Genre and App\Traits\NotificationsTrait.
    • Include NotificationsTrait in the class.
    • Add a public property $showModal = false; to control the modal's visibility.
    • Implement resetValues() to clear the form and validation errors.
    • Implement newRecord() to open the modal and reset the form for a new entry.
    • Implement getDataFromMusicbrainzApi() to trigger RecordForm::$this->form->fetchRecord().
    • Implement createRecord() to call $this->form->create(), close the modal, and show a success toast.
    • In the render() method, fetch all genres and pass them to the view for the genre dropdown.
  • resources/views/livewire/admin/records.blade.php:
    • Add a wire:click="newRecord()" to the "New Record" button.
    • Include a <flux:modal> component, controlled by wire:model.self="showModal". Use variant="flyout" (or remove it for a centered modal).
    • Inside the modal:
      • Use flux:heading with a conditional ternary operator ($form->id ? 'Edit Record' : 'New Record') to display the correct title.
      • Conditionally display the mb_id input and "Get Record Info" button (@if(!$form->id)) only when creating a new record. Bind the input to wire:model="form.mb_id" and the button to wire:click="getDataFromMusicbrainzApi()".
      • Display the artist, title, and mb_id (if present) using flux:heading and flux:text.
      • Add flux:select for genre_id (bound to wire:model.live="form.genre_id"), populating options from the $genres collection passed from the component.
      • Add flux:input for price and stock, bound to wire:model.live.debounce.500ms="form.price" and wire:model.live.debounce.500ms="form.stock".
      • Display the cover image preview using src="{{ $form->cover }}".
      • Add "Cancel" and "Save" buttons. The "Save" button's wire:click will dynamically call updateRecord() or createRecord() based on $form->id.
      • Update the x-itf.livewire-log component to also pass $genres for debugging.
php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire\Forms;

use App\Models\Record;
use Http;       
use Intervention\Image\Laravel\Facades\Image;
use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
use Livewire\Form;
use Storage;    

class RecordForm extends Form
{
    /* ... */

    // create a new record
    public function create() { /* ... */ }

    // update the selected record
    public function update() { /* ... */ }

    // get artist, title and cover from the MusicBrainz API
    public function fetchRecord()
    {
        $this->resetErrorBag();
        $this->validateOnly('mb_id');

        $response = Http::timeout(10)->get("https://musicbrainz.org/ws/2/release/{$this->mb_id}?inc=artists&fmt=json");

        if ($response->successful()) {
            $data = $response->json();
            $this->artist = $data['artist-credit'][0]['artist']['name'];
            $this->title = $data['title'];


            if (isset($data['cover-art-archive']['front']) && $data['cover-art-archive']['front']) { // Added isset check for robustness
                $this->fetchAndStoreCover($this->mb_id);
            } else {
                $this->cover = '/storage/covers/no-cover.png';
            }
        } else {
            $this->artist = null;
            $this->title = null;
            $this->cover = '/storage/covers/no-cover.png';
            // Optionally, add a notification for API failure
            // $this->toastError('Failed to fetch data from MusicBrainz API.');
        }
    }

    // fetch the cover from coverartarchive.org and store it in the public storage folder
    private function fetchAndStoreCover($mbId)
    {
        try {
            $imageUrl = "https://coverartarchive.org/release/{$mbId}/front-250.jpg";
            $response = Http::timeout(10)->get($imageUrl);

            if ($response->successful()) {
                $jpgImage = Image::read($response->body())->toJpeg(75);
                Storage::disk('public')->put("covers/{$mbId}.jpg", $jpgImage);
                $this->cover = "/storage/covers/{$mbId}.jpg";
                return;
            }
        } catch (\Exception $e) {
            // Silent catch - will use default cover
            // You might log the error for debugging: Log::error("Failed to fetch cover for $mbId: " . $e->getMessage());
        }

        $this->cover = '/storage/covers/no-cover.png';
    }
}

Test the Modal ​

Let's test the new record creation process with the modal.

If you click "Save" with empty fields (or before fetching MusicBrainz data), the validation rules defined in RecordForm will trigger, and error messages will appear. Validation errors on empty fields

The cover for the record with MusicBrainz ID 5a4d2ec4-ed6f-47d5-9352-c11917f61dc0 should now be downloaded to your public/storage/covers directory and accessible via the URL: https://vinyl_shop.test/storage/covers/5a4d2ec4-ed6f-47d5-9352-c11917f61dc0.jpg. You should also see this new record on both the admin management page and the public shop page.

New record on admin page

Update a Record ​

Updating an existing record involves pre-filling our modal form with the record's current data and then allowing the user to modify specific fields. We'll re-use the same modal we built for creating records. We're only allowing updates to the genre_id, stock, and price fields. The mb_id, title, and artist are considered canonical and remain read-only. The cover field will also remain read-only for now, with dedicated cover management functionality to be added later.

Enter Edit Mode ​

To enter edit mode, we'll configure the "Edit" button (icon) to populate the RecordForm with the selected record's data and then open the modal.

  • resources/views/livewire/admin/records.blade.php:
    • Locate the "Edit" button (<flux:button icon="pencil-square">) inside the <tbody> loop.
    • Add a wire:click directive to call the editRecord method, passing the current record's ID: wire:click="editRecord({{ $record->id }})".
  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Add a public method editRecord(Record $record). This method will receive the Record model instance via Laravel's Route Model Binding.
    • Inside editRecord(), call $this->resetValues() to clear any previous form state or errors.
    • Then, use $this->form->fill($record);. This powerful Livewire Form method automatically fills all matching public properties in the RecordForm instance with the corresponding attributes from the $record model.
    • Finally, set $this->showModal = true; to display the modal.
    • Also, implement the updateRecord() method. This method will be called when the user clicks the "Save" button in the modal if an id is present in the form (indicating an edit operation). It calls $this->form->update(), closes the modal, and shows an informative toast notification.
php
<flux:button.group>
    <flux:button
        wire:click="editRecord({{ $record->id }})"
        tooltip="Edit"
        icon="pencil-square"/>
    <flux:button
        tooltip="Cover"
        icon="photo"/>
    <flux:button
        tooltip="Delete"
        icon="trash"/>
</flux:button.group>

Fix the "unique" Validation Rule ​

The unique validation rule needs to be conditional: it should ensure mb_id is unique when creating a new record, but allow the mb_id to remain the same for the record being updated. The #[Validate] attribute, while convenient, can only use static values for its rules. For dynamic rules, especially those depending on the id of the current model, we need to use the rules() method within the Form object.

We also need to define custom validation attribute names if we want more user-friendly messages than the default property names (e.g., "MusicBrainz ID" instead of "mb id"). This is done using the $validationAttributes property.

  • app/Livewire/Forms/RecordForm.php:
    • Remove the #[Validate] attribute from the $mb_id property.
    • Add a public function rules() method to the RecordForm class. This method should return an array where keys are property names and values are their validation rules.
    • Inside rules(), define the mb_id rule using Laravel's validation rules. The unique rule accepts a third parameter to specify an ID to ignore: unique:table,column,id. We will use unique:records,mb_id,{$this->id}. The $this->id will correctly refer to the id of the record currently being updated (or null if creating a new one).
    • Add a protected $validationAttributes property to provide a user-friendly name for mb_id in validation messages.
php
<?php

namespace App\Livewire\Forms;

use App\Models\Record;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Http;
use Illuminate\Support\Facades\Storage;
use Intervention\Image\Laravel\Facades\Image;
use Livewire\Attributes\Validate;
use Livewire\Form;

class RecordForm extends Form
{
    public $id = null;
    #[Validate('required', as: 'name of the artist')]
    public $artist = null;
    #[Validate('required', as: 'title for this record')]
    public $title = null;
    // #[Validate('required|size:36|unique:records,mb_id,id', as: 'MusicBrainz ID')]
    public $mb_id = null;
    #[Validate('required|numeric|min:0')]
    public $stock = null;
    #[Validate('required|numeric|min:0')]
    public $price = null;
    #[Validate('required|exists:genres,id', as: 'genre')]
    public $genre_id = null;
    public $cover = '/storage/covers/no-cover.png';

    // special validation rule for mb_id (unique:records,mb_id,id) for insert and update!
    public function rules()
    {
        return [
            'mb_id' => "required|size:36|unique:records,mb_id,{$this->id}",
        ];
    }

    // $validationAttributes is used to replace the attribute name in the error message
    protected $validationAttributes = [
        'mb_id' => 'MusicBrainz ID',
    ];

    // create a new record
    public function create()
    {
        $this->validate();
        Record::create([
            'artist' => $this->artist,
            'title' => $this->title,
            'mb_id' => $this->mb_id,
            'stock' => $this->stock,
            'price' => $this->price,
            'genre_id' => $this->genre_id,
        ]);
    }

    // update the selected record
    public function update()
    {
        $record = Record::findOrFail($this->id);
        $this->validate(); // Validation now includes the dynamic unique rule
        $record->update([
            'stock' => $this->stock,
            'price' => $this->price,
            'genre_id' => $this->genre_id,
        ]);
    }

    public function fetchRecord() { /* ... */ }
    private function fetchAndStoreCover($mbId) { /* ... */ }
}

Delete a Record ​

Finally, administrators need the ability to remove records. Since deleting data is irreversible , it's crucial to ask for confirmation before proceeding. We'll implement a two-step deletion process using the confirmation dialog provided by our NotificationsTrait, similar to how genres are deleted.

  1. Initiate Confirmation: Clicking the "Delete" button (trash icon) will trigger a confirmation dialog asking the user if they are sure.
  2. Perform Deletion (if confirmed): If the user confirms the action in the dialog, a separate method will be called to actually delete the record from the database.
  • resources/views/livewire/admin/records.blade.php:
    • Locate the "Delete" button (<flux:button icon="trash">) inside the <tbody> loop.
    • Add a wire:click directive to call the deleteConfirm method, passing the current record's ID: wire:click="deleteConfirm({{ $record->id }})".
    • Add a descriptive tooltip, e.g., tooltip="Delete {{ $record->title }} by {{ $record->artist }}".
  • app/Livewire/Admin/Records.php:
    • Add a public method deleteConfirm(Record $record). This method is called when the trash icon is clicked.
      • It uses $this->confirm() (from the NotificationsTrait) to display the modal dialog.
      • Provide a descriptive confirmation message, including the record's title.
      • Configure the next key in the options array to dispatch a Livewire event named delete-record if confirmed, passing the record's ID as a parameter ('record' => $record->id).
      • You can also customize the dialog's heading, confirm text, and styling.
    • Add another public method deleteRecord(Record $record).
      • Add the #[On('delete-record')] attribute above this method. This tells Livewire that this method should listen for the delete-record event dispatched by the confirmation dialog. Livewire will automatically call this method, resolving the record ID from the event data to a Record model instance via Route Model Binding.
      • Inside the method, call $record->delete() to remove the record from the database.
      • Show a success toast using $this->toastInfo() to inform the user.
php
<flux:button.group>
    <flux:button
        wire:click="editRecord({{ $record->id }})"
        tooltip="Edit"
        icon="pencil-square"/>
    <flux:button
        tooltip="Cover"
        icon="photo"/>
    <flux:button
        wire:click="deleteConfirm({{ $record->id }})"
        tooltip="Delete {{ $record->title }} by {{ $record->artist }}" {{-- Update tooltip for clarity --}}} 
        icon="trash"/>
</flux:button.group>

Exercises ​

Now that you have implemented the core CRUD functionality for records, let's refine the user experience and add additional features.

Background Color for Out of Stock Records ​

Give all records that are out of stock a red background color to make them visually distinct.

Out of stock records with red background

Delete the Cover Image from the Server ​

Currently, when a record is deleted, its associated cover image file remains on the server. Update the delete() method inside the RecordForm class so that the corresponding cover image file is also removed from public/storage/covers when a record is deleted.

  • Hint: In the RecordForm::delete() method, before deleting the record from the database, you'll need to check if a cover image exists for that record's mb_id in the public/covers directory using Storage::disk('public')->exists(). If it exists, use Storage::disk('public')->delete() to remove the file. Remember to handle the case where id might be null (though in delete scenarios it won't be).

Last updated:

© 2025 - Vince Colson & Patrick Verhaert